Headache
A headache is a common condition that causes pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. It can feel like a dull ache, sharp pain, or throbbing sensation, and may last from a few minutes to several hours or more.
Headache Overview
Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors
Causes
Headaches can be categorized into primary and secondary types:
Primary Headaches: These occur independently and are not due to other medical conditions. Common types include:
- Tension-type headaches: Often linked to stress, poor posture, or muscle strain.
- Migraines: Associated with neurological factors, including changes in brain activity and blood flow.
- Cluster headaches: Characterized by severe pain on one side of the head, often around the eye.
Secondary Headaches: These result from underlying health issues, such as:
- Sinus infections
- High blood pressure
- Medication overuse
- Neck or jaw disorders
- Head injuries
Symptoms
Headache symptoms can vary based on the type:
- Tension-type Headaches:
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Dull, aching head pain
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Sensation of tightness or pressure across the forehead or on the sides and back of the head
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Tenderness on the scalp, neck, and shoulder muscles
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- Migraines:
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Moderate to severe throbbing pain, often on one side of the head.
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Nausea and vomiting.
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Sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes smell.
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Visual disturbances.
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- Cluster Headaches:
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- Intense, burning or piercing pain around or behind one eye.
- Redness and tearing of the eye.
- Nasal congestion or runny nose on the affected side.
- Restlessness or agitation.
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Risk Factors
Can Headaches be prevented?
Implementing certain lifestyle changes can help prevent or reduce the frequency of headaches:
Maintain a Regular Sleep Schedule: Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep per night and establish consistent sleep and wake times.
Stay Hydrated: Drink sufficient water throughout the day to prevent dehydration.
Manage Stress: Engage in relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga.
Monitor Dietary Habits: Identify and avoid foods that trigger headaches; maintain regular meal times.
Exercise Regularly: Incorporate moderate physical activity into your routine to reduce stress and improve overall health.
Limit Caffeine and Alcohol Intake: Excessive consumption can lead to headaches; moderation is key.
Maintain Good Posture: Especially important for individuals who sit for extended periods.
Protect Against Environmental Triggers: Use sunglasses to shield eyes from bright light and avoid strong odors when possible.

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